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Wysłany: Śro 16:21, 08 Sty 2014 Temat postu: Critics on Louis Althusser's |
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Critics on Louis Althusser's
First of all he states that people should reproduce the productive forces, but also the relations between those forces in order to maintain the established order. The reproduction of the means of production is also an essential part of the cycles in the life of the society. It means that goods have to be produced; goods of various kinds so that different manufacturing and service firms/plants keep up their work and do not let the economy stagnate because of lesser productivity. So we see that everything depends of each other and is something stops, it will cause damage in other spheres of existence. Another element of efficient societal functioning is the labor force reproduction, in other words people being born for the old generations to retire and new ones to take up their places. Althusser stresses the reproduction of the existing "relations" of production. In other words, the set of values, believes and customs, in which we people are submerged is such as to reproduce the existing relations of power through the preservation of the existing relations of exploitation between social classes which originates from the separation of labor performed by different class representatives. Society molds its people according to predetermined groups, spaces or functions formed by already existing relations of production. In this process of forming individuals society consequently attributes each one of us a certain identity. The identity formulation itself takes places in certain environment and under particular circumstances. Those conditions in this paper are represented by the following definitions: Ideological State Apparatuses and the State Apparatus. Those terms are supposed to define what is ideology and how does it pervade the society and manipulates its perceptions of the surroundings. Althusser replaces the common "State apparatus" defined primarily as the repressive power operated in the interests of the ruling classes with a difference between an open Repressive State Apparatus (represented by the Government, Administration) and the various determining functions of religion, family, school, arts etc., which he calls the Ideological State Apparatuses. On the other hand the Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) is of private property. This relation could be argued about but, the private domain was mostly defined as such because it is not subjected to any law and thus cannot be controlled. The important issue raised by Althusser is that of the predominance of schools as the ISA's main power. He gives a persuasive support to this claim in a number of ways. First is the schools' obligatory character, the fact that children spend eight to ten hours a day turn schools automatically in a superior channels for the reproduction of the relations of production, although family or communications or laws, could be as sufficient as schools. I believe that the reason why Althusser places schools' importance above all the rest because character and personality traits are basically formed as school in younger ages, thus children are more receptive to outside influences than adults. The only way an individual can become a "subject" is by "subjecting" himself/herself (Althusser obviously takes advantage of the double meaning of the word as, subject being the one that performs the action, but also the one who is acted upon) to the formed set of values provided by these institutions. The person when coming into this world for instance is recognized or adopted by the society, by acquiring father's last name. When talking about ideology and it's nature it is obligatory to note the following issues also described in Athusser's work. He says that ideology is of pervasively unconscious character, which is innate in all the social procedures in which we people are born and live, and in the process of ascription of meaning. Althusser's essay approaches the problem with a uniquely systematizing meaning, and it offers no practical tools for the involvement into the present situation. This problem arises from the multiple natures of the Ideological Status Apparatuses. These are "in fact unified, despite its diversity and its contradictions, beneath the ruling ideology, which is the ideology of the ruling class"(146 p.), but at the same time understood as the site of class struggle (147p.). Althusser perceptive approach to the "social unconscious" examines the concrete political events and realities and even fights; primarily they take place at the infrastructure level, then looses its thrust, and lacks of functional implications /solutions. Unfortunately, his really appealing theory doesn't help find the solution to the problem of the exploitation of the oppressed class of people, and doesn't tell how to succeed with it.
To summarize Althusser's essay we should comprehend what he meant by ideology in general. He claimed that it was mirrorstructured consisting of four interrelated parts which sort of reflect each other. He enumerated them as follows: 1) interpellation of individuals as subjects; 2) their subjections to the subject;3) their mutual recognition, subject recognitions of each other and subject's recognition of itself; 4) finally the subject has to know and know all the rules and behaves accordingly,[url=http://www.xantrex.cc]louis vuitton outlet[/url], that guarantees everything to be great. This is the system according to which society and its members have to function and are currently doing so, in order for the products to be reproduced and working force to be provided promptly. It all depends on one another, as was said in the beginning of this paper; individuals are all connected, although at different level, the big picture shows that it's necessary for world to function properly..
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Wysłany: Pią 3:40, 24 Sty 2014 Temat postu: |
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reportedly,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], yesterday at eleven fourteen in the morning, Fuzhou city police station to wulongjiang bridge,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I saw the woman holding a lamp post, don't stop crying. Whether the police how to persuade,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], woman is unwilling to come down,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], just don't stop crying: "you go to call him, ask my boyfriend to come pick me up."
to close to the woman, the police to help with her boyfriend as an excuse, close to the woman, let the woman will be handed over the phone. In the female the moment pass the phone, the police grabbed the hand of the woman,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the side of the police also build around women, the drag down,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], then a man claiming to be the women's brother's friends came to the city gate station to pick up.
Strait metropolis daily dispatch (reporter Wu Zhen Mao Zhaoqing) March 29th "wulongjiang bridge Someone jump river!" Yesterday morning at eleven twenty-six, the netizen "after seven hundred years" in the micro-blog a woman jumped Jiang news, micro-blog issued, caused the attention of many users,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], many users through here, also in the micro-blog tells the woman was police rescue scene.
suicide woman holding the wulongjiang bridge,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], do not stop crying (netizen for map)
The
according to the introduction, Minhou woman surnamed Chen, who married in Changle. Her husband died a few years ago,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], only Chen and daughter live together. A year ago, Chen met a man in Changle and cohabitation, but not long ago,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], boyfriend told Chen with his new girlfriend, want to break up with her. Shock found several times to Dutch act. Yesterday before the incident,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], her boyfriend again up, then Xiaochen walking on the bridge, want to commit suicide. After the policeman understands,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Chen had mild depression.
相关的主题文章:
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Shanghai City, jointly with the Municipal Commission of Commerce, the district actively implement measures, efforts to defuse the cabbage and other vegetables and seasonal varieties structural slow-moving problem.
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